Chromolaena odorata

ALL ABOUT COMMUNIST PACHA

Botanical name : Chromolaena odorata King & Robinson.

Family : Asteraceae

SANSKRIT SYNONYMS : Ropani, Seekhrasarpi

Chromolaena odorata is a fast-growing perennial shrub, native to South America and Central America. It has been introduced into the tropical regions of Asia, Africa and the Pacific, where it is an invasive weed. Also known as Siam weed, it forms dense stands that prevent the establishment of other plant species.

Synonyms: Eupatorium affine Hook & Arn., Eupatorium brachiatum Wikstrom, Eupatorium clematitis DC., Eupatorium conyzoidesM. Vahl, Eupatorium divergens Less., Eupatorium floribundum Kunth, Eupatorium graciliflorum DC., Eupatorium odoratum L., Eupatorium sabeanum Buckley, Eupatorium stigmatosum Meyen & Walp., Osmia conyzoides (Vahl) Sch.-Bip., Osmia divergens (Less.) Schultz-Bip., Osmia floribunda (Kunth) Schultz-Bip., Osmia graciliflora (DC.) Sch.-Bip., Osmia odorata (L.) Schultz-Bip.

Common names: agonoi (Philippines), bitter bush (English), chromolaena (English), hagonoy (Philippines), herbe du Laos (French), huluhagonoi (Philippines), jack in the bush (English), kesengesil (Chamorro-Guam), mahsrihsrihk (Kosrae), masigsig (Chamorro-Guam), ngesngesil (Palau), otuot (Chuuk), rumput belalang (Indonesian Bahasa-Indonesia), rumput golkar (Indonesian Bahasa-Indonesia), rumput putih (Indonesian Bahasa-Indonesia), Siam weed (English), Siam-Kraut (German), triffid weed (English), wisolmatenrehwei (Pohnpei)

Description :Chromolaena odorata is an herbaceous perennial that forms dense tangled bushes 1.5-2.0m in height. It occasionally reaches its maximum height of 6m (as a climber on other plants). Its stems branch freely, with lateral branches developing in pairs from the axillary buds. The older stems are brown and woody near the base; tips and young shoots are green and succulent. Leaves simple, opposite, ovate, or rhomboid, serrate, or dentate, long petioled and bright green colored. leaves opposite, flaccid-membranous, velvety-pubescent, deltoid-ovate, acute, 3-nerved, very coarsely toothed, each margin with 1-5 teeth, or entire in youngest leaves; base obtuse or subtruncate but shortly decurrent; petiole slender, 1-1.5cm long; blade mostly 5-12cm long, 3-6cm wide, capitula in sub-corymbose axillary and terminal clusters; peduncles 1-3cm long, bracteate; bracts slender, 10-12mm long; involucre of about 4-5 series of bracts, pale with green nerves, acute, the lowest ones about 2mm long, upper ones 8-9mm long, all acute, distally ciliate, flat, appressed except the extreme divergent tip; florets all alike (disc-florets), pale purple to dull off-white, the styles extending about 4mm beyond the apex of the involucre, spreading radiately; receptacle very narrow .

Flowers seen in terminal or axillary panicled heads. The flowers are white or pale bluish-lilac, and form masses covering the whole surface of the bush (Cruttwell and McFadyen 1989). Seeds small and is crowned with silky hairs for wind dispersion. The root system is fibrous and does not penetrate beyond 20-30cm in most soils. The flowerheads are borne in terminal corymbs of 20 to 60 heads on all stems and branches.
Use
burns, hemorrhages, hemorrhoids, indigestion, skin diseases, traumatic injury, edema, fracture and infection. It is used traditionally in south india for the treatment of chikungunya ( if you take bath in the water boiled with leaf of a common plant your pain will reduce.)

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LIST OF INCOMPATIBLE CHEMICALS

These chemicals could react violently if allowed to come in accidental contact with each other, resulting in an explosion, or may produce highly toxic and/or flammable gases or vapors. However, it should be remembered that this list is not in any way complete, but is to serve only as a guide for the more commonly used chemicals.

Download pdf version of INCOMPATIBLE CHEMICALS here

http://www.megaupload.com/?d=040XZ348

Chemistry of Tear Gas

TEAR GAS

It is a chemical compound that stimulates the corneal nerves in the eyes to cause tearing,pain, and even temporaryblindness.The major constituent of tear gas is 2-(2-chloro-benzylidene)-malononitrile.

Tear gas is a chemical compound which, in humans, causes immediate tearing of the eyes, mild respiratory convulsion, an increase in blood pressure and pulse, as well as the irritation of mucous membranes. A lachrymatory agent or lachrymator (from lacrima meaning "a tear" in latin) (commonly referred to as tear gas) . These are commonly used as riot control agent and chemical warfare agents.

CHEMISTRY OF RDX

RDX EXPLOSIVE

There are many explanations for the name RDX, including Royal Demolition eXplosive, Research Department (composition) X and Research Department eXplosive. Research Department composition X is most likely correct. RDX was widely used during world war II, often in explosive mixtures with TNT. In its pure, synthesized state RDX is a white, crystalline solid.

Chemical structure of RDX

It is having a Triazine nucleus. It starts to decompose at about 170 °C and melts at 204 °C. Its structural formula is: hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazine or (CH2-N-NO2)3.

At room temperature, it is very stable. It burns rather than explodes and detonates only with a detonator, being unaffected even by small arms fire. However, it is very sensitive when crystallized, below −4 °C.

Reference: NATURE BIOTECHNOLOGY 2006
Detoxification of Explosives by Plants

Plants tackle explosive contamination.Plants engineered to degrade either RDX (left) or TNT (right) absorb the explosives through their roots and proceed to catabolize them into less toxic compounds (e.g., aminodinitrotoluenes) or nontoxic compounds (e.g., NH3 or CO2).(Nature Biotechnology 2006)

REFERENCE: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RDX